Narmers Palette Essays - Narmer, Upper And Lower Egypt,

Narmer's Palette As Egypt grew and flourished to a powerful and rich nation, it left behind for today's historians, clues and artifacts of a once distinctive, well established and structured society. Proof of this is clearly depicted in king Narmer's Palette. This Palette shows historians the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, which signified the beginnings of a civilized era centred around the Nile. The unification of Egypt occurred around 3100 B.C., under the First Dynasty of Menes(3100-2850 B.C.). This age is commonly know as the Protodynastic era, which is known for the establishment of a firm political structure of the land which was unified in the hands of the king. The glorification of Lower and Upper Egypt uniting was portrayed in Narmer's Palette, which was found in the ancient southern capital of Hierakonpolis. The general function of Narmer's Palette was to commemorate a victory over his human foes. With Narmer's victory, the Palette also depicts his successful claim and conquest of all of Egypt, thus establishing unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under his rule. The dominant them however, is the victory of the god incarnate over the forces of evil and chaos. The Narmer Palette, while depicting several social aspects and tendencies of the Egyptian society, also reveals and emphasizes their structured positions within a hierarchy of command. Both sides of the Palette reveal, at the top, the name of king Narmer, which first documents, in the written history of Egypt, that we now are dealing with a civilized state. When the scribes wanted to write king Narmer's name, they placed a small fish called a 'nar' over a chisel, pronounced 'mer'. This combination of the words gave them 'Narmer'. The Palette also depicts king Narmer(probably the legendary Menes) wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Aphroditopolis, which represented Upper Egypt. Since Narmer had claimed victory over the northern king, thus becoming the first Pharaoh, the unification of Egypt was completed. The reverse of the Palette portrays Narmer clubbing a foeman. Narmer is then followed by his foot-washer, which should be noted is shown on a smaller scale and standing on a separate register line, as suited to his relative rank and position in Egypt's hierarchy. Narmer stands before the supreme sky-god Horus, of whom Narmer is also an incarnation, represented as a falcon with a human arm holding a papyrus thicket. On the obverse of this palette, Narmer inspects a battlefield near Buto, with several decapitated bodies of his foemen. Narmer is then preceded by his four standard-bearers and his priest. The middle register of this highly organized recording shows two long- necked lionesses and their attendants, symbolizing the newly established unification of Egypt. In the lower register Narmer is in disguise of a bull, which is destroying a fortified fort and killing any opponents in his path. The Narmer Palette reveals several important social aspects about how the Egyptians lived and were structured. The Palette also shows their value in recording historical events - with such items of war and political power struggles being 'newsworthy' events. It would be a mistake however, to read the Narmer Palette as a mere tale of conquest. Through military conquests however, Narmer was able to lay the political foundations of the kingship which endured thereafter as long as a Pharaoh wore the two crowns of Egypt. The actual finding of a Palette proves that Egyptians had established a written form of communication, which is today called hieroglyphic script. The Palette however, was depicted by Egyptian scribes using a complex combination of ideograms and phonetic signs. While king Narmer's name appears as hieroglyphic labels at the top of the Palette, it emphasizes that Egypt at this time was structured and had firmly established a civilized state. The entire Nile, now under the control of one king, was able to be utilized as the most important form of transportation. It was used for military campaigns, economic trading, and as a form of communication via boats. The Nile also provided a rich soil base which encouraged farmers to build huts and plant their crops along the river bank. Egyptian agriculture and the farmers' practices in irrigation revealed that the Egyptians had the man power and capabilities to divert water to particular fields for their crops. Although each community along the Nile was divided into districts, each governed by a man appointed by Narmer, each practised the same methods of collecting and diverting water. Also each man appointed to a particular district saw to it that taxes were collected and that the fields were drained and properly irrigated. The most significant piece of evidence that suggests that Narmers Palette Essays - Narmer, Upper And Lower Egypt, Narmer's Palette As Egypt grew and flourished to a powerful and rich nation, it left behind for today's historians, clues and artifacts of a once distinctive, well established and structured society. Proof of this is clearly depicted in king Narmer's Palette. This Palette shows historians the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, which signified the beginnings of a civilized era centred around the Nile. The unification of Egypt occurred around 3100 B.C., under the First Dynasty of Menes(3100-2850 B.C.). This age is commonly know as the Protodynastic era, which is known for the establishment of a firm political structure of the land which was unified in the hands of the king. The glorification of Lower and Upper Egypt uniting was portrayed in Narmer's Palette, which was found in the ancient southern capital of Hierakonpolis. The general function of Narmer's Palette was to commemorate a victory over his human foes. With Narmer's victory, the Palette also depicts his successful claim and conquest of all of Egypt, thus establishing unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under his rule. The dominant them however, is the victory of the god incarnate over the forces of evil and chaos. The Narmer Palette, while depicting several social aspects and tendencies of the Egyptian society, also reveals and emphasizes their structured positions within a hierarchy of command. Both sides of the Palette reveal, at the top, the name of king Narmer, which first documents, in the written history of Egypt, that we now are dealing with a civilized state. When the scribes wanted to write king Narmer's name, they placed a small fish called a 'nar' over a chisel, pronounced 'mer'. This combination of the words gave them 'Narmer'. The Palette also depicts king Narmer(probably the legendary Menes) wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Aphroditopolis, which represented Upper Egypt. Since Narmer had claimed victory over the northern king, thus becoming the first Pharaoh, the unification of Egypt was completed. The reverse of the Palette portrays Narmer clubbing a foeman. Narmer is then followed by his foot-washer, which should be noted is shown on a smaller scale and standing on a separate register line, as suited to his relative rank and position in Egypt's hierarchy. Narmer stands before the supreme sky-god Horus, of whom Narmer is also an incarnation, represented as a falcon with a human arm holding a papyrus thicket. On the obverse of this palette, Narmer inspects a battlefield near Buto, with several decapitated bodies of his foemen. Narmer is then preceded by his four standard-bearers and his priest. The middle register of this highly organized recording shows two long- necked lionesses and their attendants, symbolizing the newly established unification of Egypt. In the lower register Narmer is in disguise of a bull, which is destroying a fortified fort and killing any opponents in his path. The Narmer Palette reveals several important social aspects about how the Egyptians lived and were structured. The Palette also shows their value in recording historical events - with such items of war and political power struggles being 'newsworthy' events. It would be a mistake however, to read the Narmer Palette as a mere tale of conquest. Through military conquests however, Narmer was able to lay the political foundations of the kingship which endured thereafter as long as a Pharaoh wore the two crowns of Egypt. The actual finding of a Palette proves that Egyptians had established a written form of communication, which is today called hieroglyphic script. The Palette however, was depicted by Egyptian scribes using a complex combination of ideograms and phonetic signs. While king Narmer's name appears as hieroglyphic labels at the top of the Palette, it emphasizes that Egypt at this time was structured and had firmly established a civilized state. The entire Nile, now under the control of one king, was able to be utilized as the most important form of transportation. It was used for military campaigns, economic trading, and as a form of communication via boats. The Nile also provided a rich soil base which encouraged farmers to build huts and plant their crops along the river bank. Egyptian agriculture and the farmers' practices in irrigation revealed that the Egyptians had the man power and capabilities to divert water to particular fields for their crops. Although each community along the Nile was divided into districts, each governed by a man appointed by Narmer, each practised the same methods of collecting and diverting water. Also each man appointed to a particular district saw to it that taxes were collected and that the fields were drained and properly irrigated. The most significant piece of evidence that suggests that Narmers Palette Essays - Narmer, Upper And Lower Egypt, Narmer's Palette As Egypt grew and flourished to a powerful and rich nation, it left behind for today's historians, clues and artifacts of a once distinctive, well established and structured society. Proof of this is clearly depicted in king Narmer's Palette. This Palette shows historians the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, which signified the beginnings of a civilized era centred around the Nile. The unification of Egypt occurred around 3100 B.C., under the First Dynasty of Menes(3100-2850 B.C.). This age is commonly know as the Protodynastic era, which is known for the establishment of a firm political structure of the land which was unified in the hands of the king. The glorification of Lower and Upper Egypt uniting was portrayed in Narmer's Palette, which was found in the ancient southern capital of Hierakonpolis. The general function of Narmer's Palette was to commemorate a victory over his human foes. With Narmer's victory, the Palette also depicts his successful claim and conquest of all of Egypt, thus establishing unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under his rule. The dominant them however, is the victory of the god incarnate over the forces of evil and chaos. The Narmer Palette, while depicting several social aspects and tendencies of the Egyptian society, also reveals and emphasizes their structured positions within a hierarchy of command. Both sides of the Palette reveal, at the top, the name of king Narmer, which first documents, in the written history of Egypt, that we now are dealing with a civilized state. When the scribes wanted to write king Narmer's name, they placed a small fish called a 'nar' over a chisel, pronounced 'mer'. This combination of the words gave them 'Narmer'. The Palette also depicts king Narmer(probably the legendary Menes) wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Aphroditopolis, which represented Upper Egypt. Since Narmer had claimed victory over the northern king, thus becoming the first Pharaoh, the unification of Egypt was completed. The reverse of the Palette portrays Narmer clubbing a foeman. Narmer is then followed by his foot-washer, which should be noted is shown on a smaller scale and standing on a separate register line, as suited to his relative rank and position in Egypt's hierarchy. Narmer stands before the supreme sky-god Horus, of whom Narmer is also an incarnation, represented as a falcon with a human arm holding a papyrus thicket. On the obverse of this palette, Narmer inspects a battlefield near Buto, with several decapitated bodies of his foemen. Narmer is then preceded by his four standard-bearers and his priest. The middle register of this highly organized recording shows two long- necked lionesses and their attendants, symbolizing the newly established unification of Egypt. In the lower register Narmer is in disguise of a bull, which is destroying a fortified fort and killing any opponents in his path. The Narmer Palette reveals several important social aspects about how the Egyptians lived and were structured. The Palette also shows their value in recording historical events - with such items of war and political power struggles being 'newsworthy' events. It would be a mistake however, to read the Narmer Palette as a mere tale of conquest. Through military conquests however, Narmer was able to lay the political foundations of the kingship which endured thereafter as long as a Pharaoh wore the two crowns of Egypt. The actual finding of a Palette proves that Egyptians had established a written form of communication, which is today called hieroglyphic script. The Palette however, was depicted by Egyptian scribes using a complex combination of ideograms and phonetic signs. While king Narmer's name appears as hieroglyphic labels at the top of the Palette, it emphasizes that Egypt at this time was structured and had firmly established a civilized state. The entire Nile, now under the control of one king, was able to be utilized as the most important form of transportation. It was used for military campaigns, economic trading, and as a form of communication via boats. The Nile also provided a rich soil base which encouraged farmers to build huts and plant their crops along the river bank. Egyptian agriculture and the farmers' practices in irrigation revealed that the Egyptians had the man power and capabilities to divert water to particular fields for their crops. Although each community along the Nile was divided into districts, each governed by a man appointed by Narmer, each practised the same methods of collecting and diverting water. Also each man appointed to a particular district saw to it that taxes were collected and that the fields were drained and properly irrigated. The most significant piece of evidence that suggests that

Free Essays on The Day After Tommorrow

Roland Emmerich, the director of such Manhattan-wasting disaster epics as â€Å"Independence Day† and the noisy 1998 â€Å"Godzilla† remake, recently conceded that disaster epics have changed: â€Å"You have to be a little sensitive after September 11.† advertisement Nevertheless, New York City is the chief target in his latest, â€Å"The Day After Tomorrow,† which imagines a tidal wave engulfing the Statue of Liberty and flushing through the streets leading up to the Manhattan Public Library. As the temperatures drop to well below freezing, a gang of survivors makes a bonfire of the books in order to avoid frostbite. Should they send Nietzsche up in flames? Should they torch the tax law books? Or should they read the books to solve their problems? These are the kinds of questions that could only turn up in something as deliciously cornball as an Emmerich movie. Fortunately, he’s got a cast that knows what to make of lines like â€Å"This is so retro it would be cool if it were on purpose.† Disaster films back with a vengeance Review: ‘Day After Tomorrow’ is retro cool Emmerich's films pack powerful punch Science, and fiction, of 'Day After Tomorrow' What is the best disaster movie? That observation (so gloriously appropriate in the context of this movie) is delivered by Jake Gyllenhaal, whose snarky performance as Sam, the somewhat estranged 17-year-old son of a crack climatologist (Dennis Quaid), carries much of the picture past its absurdities. Not the least of these is dad’s heroically crazy quest to reunite with Sam, even while the world is literally falling down around them. â€Å"Unpack the snow shoes,† he tells his loyal assistant (Dash Mihok). â€Å"We’re walking from here.† Global warming, which is not recognized as a threat by a Cheney-like American vice president (Kenneth Welsh), leads to an instant Ice Age that freezes most of North America and Europe and delivers ... Free Essays on The Day After Tommorrow Free Essays on The Day After Tommorrow Roland Emmerich, the director of such Manhattan-wasting disaster epics as â€Å"Independence Day† and the noisy 1998 â€Å"Godzilla† remake, recently conceded that disaster epics have changed: â€Å"You have to be a little sensitive after September 11.† advertisement Nevertheless, New York City is the chief target in his latest, â€Å"The Day After Tomorrow,† which imagines a tidal wave engulfing the Statue of Liberty and flushing through the streets leading up to the Manhattan Public Library. As the temperatures drop to well below freezing, a gang of survivors makes a bonfire of the books in order to avoid frostbite. Should they send Nietzsche up in flames? Should they torch the tax law books? Or should they read the books to solve their problems? These are the kinds of questions that could only turn up in something as deliciously cornball as an Emmerich movie. Fortunately, he’s got a cast that knows what to make of lines like â€Å"This is so retro it would be cool if it were on purpose.† Disaster films back with a vengeance Review: ‘Day After Tomorrow’ is retro cool Emmerich's films pack powerful punch Science, and fiction, of 'Day After Tomorrow' What is the best disaster movie? That observation (so gloriously appropriate in the context of this movie) is delivered by Jake Gyllenhaal, whose snarky performance as Sam, the somewhat estranged 17-year-old son of a crack climatologist (Dennis Quaid), carries much of the picture past its absurdities. Not the least of these is dad’s heroically crazy quest to reunite with Sam, even while the world is literally falling down around them. â€Å"Unpack the snow shoes,† he tells his loyal assistant (Dash Mihok). â€Å"We’re walking from here.† Global warming, which is not recognized as a threat by a Cheney-like American vice president (Kenneth Welsh), leads to an instant Ice Age that freezes most of North America and Europe and delivers ...

Jews during emigration to three jewish songs Essay

Jews during emigration to three jewish songs - Essay Example In the letter to the editor there are four themes which are expressed by the writer which can also be found in the four Yiddish songs: the value of studying Torah; the value of returning to one's roots; the loneliness when one loses his love whether it be spiritual or a loved one and the fear of getting old and not being able to study . It must be noted that each of the songs deal with only part of the themes. The purpose of this paper is to present the themes of the songs in terms of the letter of the man who wanted to return to Lithuania to study. As children studying at their school does not compare to a 30 year old man, what they learn from studying is the same. Losing one's wife is difficult for everyone. No song deals with the anger that this man has. He is looking for peace and comfort of his soul. He knows he is getting old without a wife and a job, he has to prospects. The first Yiddish song chosen is Oyfn Pripetshik (Go My child, to cheder). He is looking for comfort by goi ng back to study. Studying also means reawakening. The man is trying to get rid of the evil in his life in America, the time spent in prison, the four years spent by himself. He is burdened from his life from exile. "From reading the Gemara, this will shield you from all evil" He already knows this but it will be in his home country. What the children learn in cheder help them understand the tears they shed in life's experience and the knowledge will comfort them because they will have the all that is needed to get them through the most difficult times in life. As the editor said perhaps he should return home to study Gemara and the rabbi will tell him to come back to the New Word. The song, Gey Mayn kind in cheder, says that he studying is the best profession in the world, he will be nourished and his soul will become resourced. He will have the security and honor what he is missing in life. The most difficult task for this man is to forgive what he has gone through and rely on the knowledge of his childhood. When you are tired of exile, get comfort in studying. The second song explains two major thoughts of this letter. His desire to go back to his roots and his desire to study gemara. He came to America with so much hope to start a new life and make something of himself. He gave up all his roots and his origins. He gave up study and the Sabbath, he stopped being religious. His life fell to the worst state when he was accused of having burnt up his property. Four years after his prison term, Vos Geven Iz Un Nito, written in 1926 by the American Meyerowitz, talked about getting old. "I suffer from a disease†¦They call it old age". Our man is 30 years old. He does not have a family and considers it too late. It was most interesting in the last stanza where the lyrics "when I chance to pass by a school, I weep tears". He goes on to say that the young do not realize what a chance they have to study and when they do it is already too late. He feels this way on his own with no prospect for the future. In Frieling translated as Springtime, it is a man who has lost his love, and has no more purpose in his life. Kaczerginski wrote this song to memorialize his wife in 1943. Much of the song talks about walking thru the ghetto. Our man lived in a naive ghetto thinking his wife was good and kind. He sees his barricaded house, he sees how destroyed it has become. This was after the ghetto has been liquidated. It can also be a metaphor for how the poet felt after his wife was murdered. This song parallels the life of our man. He needs the spring light to come back into his life and to give him hope. If it is a metaphor for his life, he is looking for a solution to his sorrow; Springtime will give him a reason to see an answer to find a solution to what his wife did to him. Springtime brings the flowers out. He can possibly find a way of forgiving her with the change of seasons from the harsh winter to the optimism of the sunshine and the flower s. Though he will not forget, he can pardon. and plotted against him. When he writes the

Professional Ethics for Computer Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Ethics for Computer Science - Essay Example Man can live a morally upright living by following these virtues. Duty ethics focus more on man’s â€Å"obligation† and â€Å"duty† to follow what one might think is right, in spite of the consequences that might happen after. A mother may choose to live abroad to provide financial support to her family even if it means sacrificing the love that she should give to her children and other loved ones. A couple may choose to keep their marriage despite the presence of infidelity for the other half. And lastly, the consequentialist ethics deals the opposite of the duty ethics (also called non-consequentialist). In this ethics, a conduct is right if the consequences favor the greater good man. Good world leaders base their decisions on â€Å"who will benefit more† than to â€Å"please all people†. Based from the three ethical strategies, my decisions are mainly based on the consequentialist ethics, or better yet, for the better good of mankind. Although I am not deeply rooted with any religion, cult, or sect, my ethical perspective is based upon my experiences in life. When I was young, I learned the value of telling a white lie, if it means saving my friend from harm. My family has brought me up freely, allowing me to learn from my mistakes and making better decisions in the end. Growing up, I also learned that I can never please all the people around me. My family also taught me the value of decision-making, of weighing things first before acting upon any situation. Having lived in Hong Kong, I’ve seen a lot of people who became successful because they value what is best for the majority, even if it means sacrificing the minority. Enemies will always be there, but true friends, no matter how few or how far they may be, are the ones who keep me my feet on the ground. Having taken up a major related to computers, I feel the need for every individual who use the World Wide Web, and other computer related

Aristotle - Essay 7 Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Essay 7 Essay One of the greatest thinkers of all time was Aristotle-322 BC, the Ancient Greek philosopher. He has practically influenced every area of present day thinking. His main focal points were the natural and social sciences. In Stagira, a town on the northwest coast of the Aegean Sea, in the year of 384 BC Aristotle was introduced to the world. He grew up a wealthy boy. His father was friends with the noble king of Macedonia, and as a young man he spent the majority of his time at the Macedonian court. At the age of seventeen, he was sent away to study in Athens. It was there that he transformed to a disciple of Plato. Over time, Aristotle became the mind of the school. Later in his life, he followed his mentor and became a teacher in a school on the coast of Asia minor. Aristotle was the professor of young prince Alexander, who went on to become the ruler Alexander the Great. Aristotle was the first known person to make major advances in the fields of logic, physical works( such as physics, meteorologists, etc .) ,  psychological works, and natural history( modern day biology). His most famous studies are in the field of philosophical works. His studies play an important role in the early history of chemistry. Aristotle was the first person to propose the idea of atoms matter and other grand ideas. Aristotle made the first major advances in the field of philosophy of nature. He saw the universe as lying between two scales: form without matter and is at one end and matter without form is at the other end. One the most important aspetc  s of Aristotles philosophy was the development of potentiality to actuality. That can be explained as something possibility in terms of its accuracy. The actual state compare to the potential state is demonstrated in terms of the causes which act on things. The four causes include material cause, efficient cause, formal cause, and final cause. First the material cause is also defined as the elements out of which matter is created. The way in which matter is created is known as efficient cause. Formal cause is called  the expression of what the material actually is . The last cause, appropriately named final cause, is for the end of the substance. An example, actual compared to potential, can be as simple as bronze statue. The material cause is plainly the bronze. Its efficient cause is the sculptor . The formal cause is the idea of the statue, as the sculptor envisions it . The final cause is the perfetc  ion of the statue . These four  stages of creation through termination exist throughout nature. Aristotles vision of early chemistry created a strong foundation for the chemists of today. Works Cited Aristotle (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). (Online) Available http://utm.edu/research/iep/a/aristotl/htm Aristotles Page. (Online) Available http://eng.ox.ac.uk/jdr/aristo/html Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia. 1995 Comptons NewMedia, Inc.

Humans Effect on Nature in the 20th Century Essay -- Essays Papers

Humans Effect on Nature in the 20th Century Nuclear Waste With the dawn of the nuclear age in the early 1900’s, came a problem that became a force to be reckoned with. Its name is nuclear waste. This is yet another harmful side effect brought on by man’s drive to find the cheapest and most powerful source of energy technology has to offer. Nuclear waste, ranging from harmful radiation caused by nuclear meltdown to unused military weaponry, has been a serious issue in the past few decades, and is a perfect example of humans effect on nature. Many would argue that the history of nuclear energy and nuclear waste began in 1898 when Marie Curie discovered two radioactive elements; polonium and radium.1 The nuclear scene was relatively quiet until 1838, when a German scientist, Otto Hahn was successful in demonstrating nuclear fission.2 This set off an alert that reached the ears of Theodore Roosevelt, who was President of the United States at the time. With the threat of Germany making a nuclear bomb, the nuclear race was on. The Manhattan Project was launched in an effort to secretly build a nuclear bomb before the Germans. The most commonly known events in nuclear waste history were the near catastrophic meltdowns at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania, and Chernobyl power plant in The Soviet Union. Radiation leakage was minimal at Three Mile Island, however, Chernobyl experienced the release of massive quantities of radioactive materials accompanied by a dangerous fire.3 People from all nations came in contact with radioactive particles which the wind blew around the Earth. These two events sparked nuclear awareness by the general public as well as governmental programs that... ...only aid in cleaning up and preventing nuclear waste, but also to inform and educate the public. Until more effective methods of nuclear waste management are devised, the energy hungry U.S. will have to put up with the environmental parasite it has created. Notes 1. "Curie, Marie" Funk and Wagnalls 27 Mar. 1999 2. "Hahn, Otto" Funk and Wagnalls 3. Meshkati, "Chernobyl" 27 March, 1999 4. Konrad B. Kauskopf, Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology (London: Chapman and Hall, 1988) 10-11 5. "mixed waste" 28 March, 1999 6. "mixed waste" 28 March, 1999 7. "Yucca Mountain Homepage" 28 March, 1999

The History Of The Refrigerator

Before refrigerators were produced, people were forced to cool their food with ice, snow,  or nearby rivers and springs. Most people also had to can, salt, and pickle their food to preserve  their meals. During these times, inventors were working towards the creation of the refrigerator.In 1758, Benjamin Franklin experimented with the effects of evaporation on temperature. With  the help from chemist John Hadley, both men were able to find a way to drop thermometers temperature below freezing. Franklin and Hadley’s work was soon picked up by the American  inventor, Oliver Evans.Using principles drew up by Franklin; Evans drew the design for a  refrigerator in 1805. Jacob Perkins modified Evan’s design and built the first practical  refrigerating machine in 1834. Soon after, John Gorrie used Evan’s design to build a refrigerator  to make ice to cool the air for his yellow fever patients in 1844.Over 30 years later German  engineer Carl Von Linde di scovered the process of liquefying gas which is part of basic  refrigeration technology. From the 1800s until the 1920s, refrigerators used  toxic gases as  refrigerants. With research developed, corporations discovered a less dangerous refrigerant  called Freon. Freon soon became the standard for almost all home kitchens.  Carl Von Linde was born in 1842 and was the son of a Lutheran minister.He studied  science and engineering at the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland. His research led to the  development of the first compressed-ammonia refrigerator. In 1917, Linde formed the Union  Carbide and Carbon Corporation.On January 1, 1913, the first electric refrigerator in the United States was invented by  Fred W. Wolf. The refrigerator was an air-cooled refrigeration unit mounted on top of an ice box  and was called the Domelre. Exactly two years after the Domelre was created, the first self-container refrigerator was built by the Guardian Refrigerator Comp any.The company struggled  and produced less than 40 appliances in two years. The company was purchased by General  Motors and the business was renamed Frigidaire. In 1918, the first Frigidaire refrigerator was  produced. There were more than 200 different refrigerators on the market by 1920. Ice cream  cabinets were added to models in 1923, soda fountain equipment in 1924, and water and milk  coolers in 1927.One million refrigerators were produced by 1929. In 1947, GE was the first  company to introduce the two-door refrigerator-freezer combination. By 2005, 99.5 percent of  homes had refrigerators.  The refrigerator has changed the world in many ways. We are now able to preserve our  Foods such as fruits and vegetables for longer periods of time and beverages are now able to be  kept cool. Without refrigeration, medicines and vaccinations would not have been able to be  developed. Refrigeration is also used for air conditioning in homes, public places and lar ge  warehouses.Even those beautiful Valentine’s Day roses would not be able to be delivered  without refrigeration. Just imagine school without air conditioning, everyone would smell  horrible from sweating all day. Everyone’s favorite ice creams would not have been created  without the freezer. Long car rides would be dreadful without an air conditioner.Refrigerators use refrigerants to carry heat away from the inside of the fridge. This is  done by injecting the refrigerants into a tube inside the refrigerator in liquid form and it slowly  begins to vaporize. Taking heat away makes the temperature cooler. When the liquid is done  vaporizing, it travels to a coil on the outside of the fridge where it releases heat and becomes a  liquid again. The process starts over again.After researching the history of the refrigerator, I have learned how much it has impacted  the world and how much people take it for granted. I would have never been able to enjoy my  favorite ice creams or drinks if it was not for the refrigerator. I would not be able to preserve my  favorite foods or keep my fruits and veggies fresh.My favorite Eleven slushies would not even  exist. Some people do not take the time to realize the importance of the refrigerator and how  much of a difference it has made in America.